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oracle数据库冷备故障恢复实验

实验环境:

OS:Centos Linux 7.3

DB:Oracle11g(11.2.0.4)

注意:冷备时需一致性关闭数据库后再备份,否则会出现无法恢复的情况。

第一步:查看数据、日志、控制文件目录,并安全一致性关库;

centos@SYS> select name from v$controlfile;
NAME
---------------------------------------------
/u01/app/oracle/oradata/centos/control01.ctl
/u01/app/oracle/oradata/centos/control02.ctl
centos@SYS> select * from v$dbfile;
NAME
------------------------------------------------
  4
/u01/app/oracle/oradata/centos/users01.dbf
  3
/u01/app/oracle/oradata/centos/undotbs01.dbf
  2
/u01/app/oracle/oradata/centos/sysaux01.dbf
  1
/u01/app/oracle/oradata/centos/system01.dbf
  5
/u01/app/oracle/oradata/centos/example01.dbf
  6
/u01/app/oracle/oradata/centos/t1.dbf
  7
/u01/app/oracle/oradata/centos/t2.dbf

7 rows selected.
centos@SYS> select member from v$logfile;
MEMBER
-------------------------------------------
/u01/app/oracle/oradata/centos/redo03.log
/u01/app/oracle/oradata/centos/redo02.log
/u01/app/oracle/oradata/centos/redo01.log
centos@SYS>
centos@SYS> alter system checkpoint;
System altered.
centos@SYS> alter system archive log current;
System altered.
centos@SYS> shutdown immediate;
Database closed.
Database dismounted.
ORACLE instance shut down.
centos@SYS>

第二步:创建冷备所需目录,并备份数据、日志、控制文件;

[oracle@centos ~]$ mkdir -p itkaifang_bak
[oracle@centos ~]$ ls
afiedt.buf  cold_bak  Desktop  Documents  Downloads  itkaifang_bak  Music  Pictures  Public  Templates  Videos
[oracle@centos ~]$ cd /u01/app/oracle/oradata/centos/
[oracle@centos centos]$ ls
control01.ctl  example01.dbf  redo02.log  sysaux01.dbf  t1.dbf  temp01.dbf     users01.dbf
control02.ctl  redo01.log     redo03.log  system01.dbf  t2.dbf  undotbs01.dbf
[oracle@centos centos]$ cp * /home/oracle/itkaifang_bak
[oracle@centos centos]$ cd
[oracle@centos ~]$ ls
afiedt.buf  cold_bak  Desktop  Documents  Downloads  itkaifang_bak  Music  Pictures  Public  Templates  Videos
[oracle@centos ~]$ cd itkaifang_bak/
[oracle@centos itkaifang_bak]$ ls
control01.ctl  example01.dbf  redo02.log  sysaux01.dbf  t1.dbf  temp01.dbf     users01.dbf
control02.ctl  redo01.log     redo03.log  system01.dbf  t2.dbf  undotbs01.dbf
[oracle@centos itkaifang_bak]$ du -sh
2.0G .
[oracle@centos itkaifang_bak]$

第三步:启动数据库,模拟故障人为删除控制、数据、日志文件,然后关闭数据库;

centos@SYS> startup   
ORACLE instance started.
Total System Global Area  830930944 bytes
Fixed Size                2257800 bytes
Variable Size             536874104 bytes
Database Buffers          289406976 bytes
Redo Buffers              2392064 bytes
Database mounted.
Database opened.
centos@SYS> !cd /u01/app/oracle/oradata/centos
centos@SYS> !ls
control01.ctl  redo01.log  sysaux01.dbf  t2.dbf  users01.dbf
control02.ctl  redo02.log  system01.dbf  temp01.dbf
example01.dbf  redo03.log  t1.dbf  undotbs01.dbf
centos@SYS> !rm *
centos@SYS> !ls
centos@SYS> shutdown immediate
Database closed.
ORA-00210: cannot open the specified control file
ORA-00202: control file: '/u01/app/oracle/oradata/centos/control01.ctl'
ORA-27041: unable to open file
Linux-x86_64 Error: 2: No such file or directory
Additional information: 3

centos@SYS> shutdown abort
ORACLE instance shut down.
centos@SYS>

第四步:启动数据库到nomount状态,再到mount状态,然后到open状态;到mount时报错,开始从冷备目录恢复文件到原位置,启动数据库至open状态;

centos@SYS> startup nomount;
ORACLE instance started.
Total System Global Area  830930944 bytes
Fixed Size                2257800 bytes
Variable Size             536874104 bytes
Database Buffers          289406976 bytes
Redo Buffers              2392064 bytes
centos@SYS> alter database mount;
alter database mount
*
ERROR at line 1:
ORA-00205: error in identifying control file, check alert log for more info

centos@SYS>
[oracle@centos ~]$ ls
afiedt.buf  cold_bak  Desktop  Documents  Downloads  itkaifang_bak  Music  Pictures  Public  Templates  Videos
[oracle@centos ~]$ cd itkaifang_bak/
[oracle@centos itkaifang_bak]$ ls
control01.ctl  example01.dbf  redo02.log  sysaux01.dbf  t1.dbf  temp01.dbf     users01.dbf
control02.ctl  redo01.log     redo03.log  system01.dbf  t2.dbf  undotbs01.dbf
[oracle@centos itkaifang_bak]$ cp * /u01/app/oracle/oradata/centos/
[oracle@centos itkaifang_bak]$ cd /u01/app/oracle/oradata/centos/
[oracle@centos centos]$ ls
control01.ctl  example01.dbf  redo02.log  sysaux01.dbf  t1.dbf  temp01.dbf     users01.dbf
control02.ctl  redo01.log     redo03.log  system01.dbf  t2.dbf  undotbs01.dbf
[oracle@centos centos]$

启动数据库至mount状态;

centos@SYS> alter database mount;
Database altered.
centos@SYS>

启动至open状态;

centos@SYS> alter database open;
Database altered.
centos@SYS>



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